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Glossary of terms

Base Oil: Raw materials necessary to produce lubricating oils can be mineral origin or synthetic.

Composite Oil: A petroleum oil to which he added other chemicals, especially fatty oils.

Mineral oil: petroleum oil or mineral sources, unlike some oils that originate from plants and animals.

Monograde Oil: Lubricant that meets the specifications of SAE viscosity grade and useful only to a weather condition.

Multigrade Oil: An oil that meets the requirements of more than one grade of SAE viscosity classification and may be able to be used in a wide temperature range.

Oil: A liquid fatty, oily animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic.

Acidity: In lubricants, acidity denotes the presence of acid-type constituents whose concentration is usually defined in terms of total acid number. The constituents vary according to their nature and may or may not markedly influence the performance of the lubricant.

Acid: In a restricted sense, any substance containing hydrogen in combination with a non-metal or nonmetallic radical and capable of producing hydrogen ions in solution.

Adhesion: The property of a lubricant that causes it to anchor or attach to a solid surface.

Antiwear Additive: Improving the life of tribological elements operating on the basis of insufficient lubrication. The composite wear (ZDDP and TCP), are broken down between 90 and 100 ° C and even lower temperatures if there is water present (25 to 50 ppm)

Extreme pressure additives (EP): lubricant additive that prevents sliding metal surfaces from wear under conditions of extreme pressure. A local high temperatures associated with metal-metal contacts, an EP additive combines chemically with the metal to form a surface film that prevents the welding of opposing asperities and the consequent damage that destroys the sliding surfaces under high loads. Reactive compounds of sulfur, chlorine or phosphorus are used to form these inorganic compounds.

Additives: A compound that enhances some of the properties, or imparts new properties to the base oil. In some formulations of motor oils, the volume of the additives may constitute up to 20% of the final composition. The most important types of additives include antioxidants, antiwear, corrosion inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, and foam depressants.

Adsorption: Adhesion molecules of gases, liquids or dissolved substances to a solid surface, resulting in relatively high concentration of molecules on the surface of contact. Eg an antiwear additive coating on metal surfaces.

Antifoam Agent: One or two additives used to reduce foaming in petroleum products: silicone oil to break large bubbles, and various kinds of polymers to decrease the amount of small bubbles in the oil.

AGMA: Abbreviation of "American Gear Manufacturers Asociations" (Gear Manufacturers Association of the United States), an association serving the gear industry.

Antioxidants: prolong the induction period of the base oil in the presence of metal catalysts and oxidizing conditions at elevated temperatures. The additive is consumed and degradation products increase not only in terms of sustained high temperatures, but also with increased mechanical agitation conditions or turbulence and pollution - air, water, metal particles and dust.

ISO Viscosity Grade: A number indicating the nominal viscosity of a fluid lubricant at 40 ° C Industrial (104 ° F) as defined in ASTM D-2422 for the Standard Viscosity System for Industrial Fluid Lubricants.

Viscosity Grade: Any number of systems which characterize lubricants according to viscosity for a particular application, such as industrial, motor, gears, gear oils, automotive and aircraft engines.

Fat: A lubricant composed of oil and soap.

Specific gravity (liquid): The ratio of the weight of a given volume of liquid to the weight of an equal volume of water.

Indicator, Pressure: A flag indicating the pressure conditions.

Indicator: A device that provides external evidence of a phenomenon.

Viscosity Index (VI): A measure commonly used to measure the change in viscosity with respect to temperature. The higher the viscosity index, the less the change in viscosity with temperature.

Corrosion Inhibitor: additive that protects metal surfaces against chemical attack by water and other contaminants.

Oxidation Inhibitor: A substance added in small quantities to a petroleum product to increase its resistance to oxidation either to extend their service or to extend their shelf life. Also called anti-oxidant. An oxidation inhibitor may work in one of these ways: 1) combining with and modifying peroxides (initial oxidation products) to make them non-hazardous, 2) decomposing peroxides or 3) Converting the catalysts in inert products.

Insoluble: Carbon particles or agglomerations of coal and other materials. Indicate depletion of dispersants in an engine.

Carbon Residue: charred material that results from the combustion of oil under controlled conditions.

Bearing: A antifriction Bearing containing rolling elements in the form of balls or rollers, a support or guide in which a shaft or axle is positioned with respect to the other parts of a mechanism.

Degradation: The progressive failure of a lubricant or machine.

Demulsibility: The ability of a fluid which is insoluble in water, separated from the water that was mixed in an emulsion.

Density: The mass of a unit volume of a substance. It is a numeric value that varies according to the units used.

Engine Deposits: accumulation of waste sludge, varnish, or carbon generated by the gas leak unburned fuel or lubricating oil partially degraded.

Deposits: oil insoluble materials that result from oxidation and decomposition of lube oil and contamination from external sources and gas leaks in engines. They can settle in the machinery and engine parts. Examples are sludge, varnish, lacquer and carbon.

Pour Point depressant: An additive that slows the effects of crystallization of waxes and allows the oil to be fluid at low temperatures.

Thermal decomposition: Increasing the thickness or viscosity of a lubricating oil oxidation reactions promoted by mainly suffering high temperatures and degraded the oil to form varnishes and lacquers.

Corrosive wear: Chemical attack from acidic combustion products that cause pitting of metals with the subsequent loss of material.

Attrition: Loss of surface material as a result of mechanical action.

Detergent: In lubrication, either a lubricant additive or compound that has the property of keeping insoluble material in suspension, to prevent their deposit in places that could be dangerous. A detergent can also clean tanks that have already been formed.

Dispersants: In lubrication, a term usually used interchangeably with detergent. An additive, usually nonmetallic ("ashless") that keeps the fine particles of insoluble materials in a homogeneous solution. Therefore, the particles can not settle and accumulate.

Lubricants E.P. (Extreme Pressure): lubricant that imparts to the contact surfaces the ability to support significantly larger loads than would be possible with ordinary lubricants without excessive wear or damage.

Magnetic plug: Strategically placed in the stream to collect a representative sample of burrs circulating in the system. The rate of accumulation of burrs wear reflects the degradation of critical surfaces.

Tribology: The science and technology of inter acting surfaces in relative motion, including the study of lubrication, friction and wear. Tribological wear is wear that occurs as a result of relative motion of the surface.

Static Friction: The force sufficient to initiate relative motion between two bodies under load. The value of static friction relative to instantly start the movement known as boot friction.

Fluid Friction: Friction due to the viscosity of fluids.

Friction: The resistance founded in the boundaries of two bodies when under the action of an external force, one body moves or tends to move with respect to the surface of another.

Relief Valve: A valve mechanism that ensures that the oil will flow into the system when the differential pressure exceeds pre-set in the filter element. The valve allows jumping over oil the filter.

Valve: A device that controls the flow direction or rate of flujo.Ventilación Positive Crankcase (PCV) system for removal of unburned gases of combustion (blow-by) the crankcase and returning them through multiple admission to the combustion chamber where they are burned these hydrocarbons. It is used to reduce emissions to the environment.

Viscometer: A device for determining the viscosity of a fluid.

Absolute Viscosity: The ratio of the rate of agitation with the velocity gradient of a fluid. It is expressed in centipoise. It is a term used interchangeably with viscosity to distinguish it from the kinematic viscosity.

Brookfield Viscosity: Viscosity apparent cP determined by Brookfield viscometer, which measures the torque required to rotate a spindle at a constant speed in oil at a given temperature. Based on ASTM D2983 procedure, used for oil viscosity measurements at low temperatures.

Kinematic Viscosity: The absolute viscosity divided by fluid density. It is expressed in centistokes. The time required for a fixed amount of oil flow through a capillary tube under the force of gravity. The unit of kinematic viscosity is the stoke or centistokes (1 / 100 of a stoke). Kinematic viscosity can be defined as the ratio of the absolute viscosity in centistokes, divided by the specific gravity of a fluid, both at the same temperature.

Viscosity SUS: SUS Saybolt Universal Seconds, which is the time when 60 ml. Oil flow through a standard orifice at a temperature. (ASTM-D88-56).

Viscosity: Measure the resistance of a fluid to flow. The common measurement metric is the absolute viscosity Poise, which is defined as the force required to move one square centimeter area on a surface parallel to the velocity of 1 cm per second, with the surfaces separated by a lubricating film of 1 cm in thickness. Moreover, the kinematic viscosity, other methods for determining viscosity, including Saybolt Viscosity, Saybolt Furol, Engler and Redwood. Since viscosity varies inversely with temperature, its value is useless unless it is related to the temperature at which the result is reported.

Viscous: Holder of viscosity, often used to imply high viscosity.

Volatile: This property describes the degree and rate at which a liquid will vaporize under certain conditions of temperature and pressure. When liquid stability changes, this property is often reduced in value.